The proteomic and metabolomic characterization of exercise-induced sweat for human performance monitoring: A pilot investigation.
Sean William HarshmanRhonda L PitschZachary K SmithMaegan L O'ConnorBrian A GeierAnthony V QualleyNicole M SchaeublinMolly V FischerJason J EckerleAdam J StrangJennifer A MartinPublished in: PloS one (2018)
Sweat is a biofluid with several attractive attributes. However, investigation into sweat for biomarker discovery applications is still in its infancy. To add support for the use of sweat as a non-invasive media for human performance monitoring, volunteer participants were subjected to a physical exertion model using a treadmill. Following exercise, sweat was collected, aliquotted, and analyzed for metabolite and protein content via high-resolution mass spectrometry. Overall, the proteomic analysis illustrates significant enrichment steps will be required for proteomic biomarker discovery from single sweat samples as protein abundance is low in this medium. Furthermore, the results indicate a potential for protein degradation, or a large number of low molecular weight protein/peptides, in these samples. Metabolomic analysis shows a strong correlation in the overall abundance among sweat metabolites. Finally, hierarchical clustering of participant metabolite abundances show trends emerging, although no significant trends were observed (alpha = 0.8, lambda = 1 standard error via cross validation). However, these data suggest with a greater number of biological replicates, stronger, statistically significant results, can be obtained. Collectively, this study represents the first to simultaneously use both proteomic and metabolomic analysis to investigate sweat. These data highlight several pitfalls of sweat analysis for biomarker discovery applications.
Keyphrases
- small molecule
- endothelial cells
- protein protein
- high resolution mass spectrometry
- amino acid
- high throughput
- binding protein
- physical activity
- mental health
- ms ms
- single cell
- big data
- machine learning
- risk assessment
- high resolution
- rna seq
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- mass spectrometry
- pluripotent stem cells
- wastewater treatment
- microbial community
- artificial intelligence