Employment Status and Alcohol-Attributable Mortality Risk-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Celine SaulShannon LangeCharlotte ProbstPublished in: International journal of environmental research and public health (2022)
Being unemployed has been linked to various health burdens. In particular, there appears to be an association between unemployment and alcohol-attributable deaths. However, risk estimates presented in a previous review were based on only two studies. Thus, we estimated updated sex-stratified alcohol-attributable mortality risks for unemployed compared with employed individuals. A systematic literature search was conducted in August 2020 using the following databases: Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. The relative risk (RR) of dying from an alcohol-attributable cause of death for unemployed compared with employed individuals was summarized using sex-stratified random-effects DerSimonian-Laird meta-analyses. A total of 10 studies were identified, comprising about 14.4 million women and 19.0 million men, among whom there were about 3147 and 17,815 alcohol-attributable deaths, respectively. The pooled RRs were 3.64 (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.04-6.66) and 4.93 (95% CI 3.45-7.05) for women and men, respectively. The findings of our quantitative synthesis provide evidence that being unemployed is associated with an over three-fold higher risk of alcohol-attributable mortality compared with being employed. Consequently, a global public health strategy connecting brief interventions and specialized care with social services assisting those currently unemployed is needed.
Keyphrases
- public health
- healthcare
- alcohol consumption
- palliative care
- systematic review
- mental health
- primary care
- cardiovascular events
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- randomized controlled trial
- meta analyses
- clinical trial
- high resolution
- breast cancer risk
- metabolic syndrome
- cardiovascular disease
- risk factors
- pregnant women
- big data
- adipose tissue
- health information
- pregnancy outcomes
- skeletal muscle
- middle aged
- mass spectrometry
- human health
- health insurance
- double blind
- cervical cancer screening