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International comparison of pharmaceutical industry payment disclosures in the UK and Japan: implications for self-regulation, public regulation, and transparency.

Piotr OzieranskiHiroaki SaitoEmily RickardShai MulinariAkihiko Ozaki
Published in: Globalization and health (2023)
The UK and Japan performed differently across the three dimensions of transparency, suggesting that any comprehensive analysis of self-regulation of payment disclosure must triangulate analysis of disclosure rules, practices, and data. We found limited evidence to support key claims regarding the strengths of self-regulation, while often finding it inferior to public regulation of payment disclosure. We suggest how the self-regulation of payment disclosure in each country can be enhanced and, in the long run, replaced by public regulation to strengthen the industry's accountability to the public.
Keyphrases
  • healthcare
  • health insurance
  • mental health
  • primary care
  • emergency department
  • cross sectional