Black Ginseng and Ginsenoside Rb1 Promote Browning by Inducing UCP1 Expression in 3T3-L1 and Primary White Adipocytes.
Seon-Joo ParkMiey ParkAnshul SharmaKihyun KimHae Jeung LeePublished in: Nutrients (2019)
In this study, we investigated the effects of black ginseng (BG) and ginsenoside Rb1, which induced browning effects in 3T3-L1 and primary white adipocytes (PWATs) isolated from C57BL/6 mice. BG and Rb1 suppressed the expressions of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) and sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor-1c (SREBP-1c), whereas the expression level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) was increased. Furthermore, BG and Rb1 enhanced the protein expressions of the brown-adipocyte-specific markers PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α), and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). These results were further supported by immunofluorescence images of mitochondrial biogenesis. In addition, BG and Rb1 induced expressions of brown-adipocyte-specific marker proteins by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. BG and Rb1 exert antiobesity effects by inducing browning in 3T3-L1 cells and PWATs through AMPK-mediated pathway activation. We suggest that BG and Rb1 act as potential functional antiobesity food agents.
Keyphrases
- binding protein
- protein kinase
- transcription factor
- high fat diet induced
- adipose tissue
- insulin resistance
- poor prognosis
- skeletal muscle
- high glucose
- diabetic rats
- induced apoptosis
- oxidative stress
- cell death
- dna binding
- nitric oxide
- deep learning
- convolutional neural network
- high resolution
- signaling pathway
- small molecule
- optical coherence tomography
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- endothelial cells
- genome wide identification
- high speed