A mushroom derived 'carbohydrate-fraction' reinstates host-immunity and protects from Leishmania donovani infection.
Aabid HussainSanhita GhoshKamalika RoySupriya NathBiswajyoti SarkarAritri DuttaPriyankar MajiShibani BasuSharmistha PaulSomaditya DeyKakuli ChakrabortyBikramjit RaychaudhuryKrishnendu AcharyaJhuma GangulyChiranjib PalPublished in: Parasite immunology (2020)
The anti-leishmanial effect of the 'carbohydrate-fraction', isolated from an edible mushroom Astraeus hygrometricus, was evaluated against Leishmania donovani infection both in vitro and in vivo. Ahf-Car induced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase 2 (iNOS2) and pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α and IL-12, with subsequent downregulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokines as TGF-β and IL-10, in vitro and in vivo along with a remarkable increase in the expressions of IL-6, IL-1β, IFN-γ and IRFs, IRF-7 and IRF-8 in vivo. Ahf-Car also reduced the parasite burden in the spleen and liver dose-dependently with a simultaneous proliferation of Ly6C+ cells in the bone marrow of Leishmania-infected experimental animals. It also increased the monocyte population dose-dependently and the expression of the myeloid transcription factor PU.1, in vivo, which presumably signifies the expansion of protective macrophages. Thus, Ahf-Car might be a potent anti-leishmanial lead with unique and effective adjuvant capacity.
Keyphrases
- dendritic cells
- nitric oxide synthase
- bone marrow
- poor prognosis
- transcription factor
- nitric oxide
- induced apoptosis
- signaling pathway
- rheumatoid arthritis
- immune response
- mesenchymal stem cells
- binding protein
- risk factors
- endothelial cells
- acute myeloid leukemia
- oxidative stress
- anti inflammatory
- cell death
- drug induced
- cell cycle arrest
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- diabetic rats
- dna binding
- toxoplasma gondii