Vachellia farnesiana Pods or a Polyphenolic Extract Derived from Them Exert Immunomodulatory, Metabolic, Renoprotective, and Prebiotic Effects in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet.
Claudia Delgadillo-PugaDulce R Sánchez-CastilloYonatan Y Cariño-CervantesTorre-Villalvazo IvánClaudia Tovar-PalacioSarai Vásquez-ReyesJanette Furuzawa-CarballedaJoshua Ayork Acevedo-CarabantesMaría Del Rayo Camacho-CoronaJorge Luis Guzmán-MarLuis Cisneros-ZevallosArmando R TovarRosa Rebollar-VegaGeorgina Hernández-MontesAlfredo Ulloa-AguirreBerenice Palacios-GonzalezLilia G NoriegaPublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2023)
Obesity causes systemic inflammation, hepatic and renal damage, as well as gut microbiota dysbiosis. Alternative vegetable sources rich in polyphenols are known to prevent or delay the progression of metabolic abnormalities during obesity. Vachellia farnesiana (VF) is a potent source of polyphenols with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities with potential anti-obesity effects. We performed an in vivo preventive or an interventional experimental study in mice and in vitro experiments with different cell types. In the preventive study, male C57BL/6 mice were fed with a Control diet, a high-fat diet, or a high-fat diet containing either 0.1% methyl gallate, 10% powdered VFP, or 0.5%, 1%, or 2% of a polyphenolic extract (PE) derived from VFP ( Vachellia farnesiana pods) for 14 weeks. In the intervention study, two groups of mice were fed for 14 weeks with a high-fat diet and then one switched to a high-fat diet with 10% powdered VFP for ten additional weeks. In the in vitro studies, we evaluated the effect of a VFPE ( Vachellia farnesiana polyphenolic extract) on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in INS-1E cells or of naringenin or methyl gallate on mitochondrial activity in primary hepatocytes and C2C12 myotubes. VFP or a VFPE increased whole-body energy expenditure and mitochondrial activity in skeletal muscle; prevented insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and kidney damage; exerted immunomodulatory effects; and reshaped fecal gut microbiota composition in mice fed a high-fat diet. VFPE decreased insulin secretion in INS-1E cells, and its isolated compounds naringenin and methyl gallate increased mitochondrial activity in primary hepatocytes and C2C12 myotubes. In conclusion VFP or a VFPE prevented systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, and hepatic and renal damage in mice fed a high-fat diet associated with increased energy expenditure, improved mitochondrial function, and reduction in insulin secretion.
Keyphrases
- high fat diet
- insulin resistance
- high fat diet induced
- skeletal muscle
- adipose tissue
- oxidative stress
- metabolic syndrome
- anti inflammatory
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- type diabetes
- induced apoptosis
- randomized controlled trial
- cell cycle arrest
- stem cells
- physical activity
- cell death
- wild type
- glycemic control
- drinking water
- blood glucose
- cell proliferation
- pi k akt
- gestational age
- mesenchymal stem cells
- human health
- body mass index
- risk assessment