Development of a Portable Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Tool for Detecting Freshness of Commercial Packaged Pork.

Real-time monitoring of meat quality requires fast, accurate, low-cost, and non-destructive analytical methods that can be used throughout the entire production chain, including the packaged product. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of a portable near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy tool for the on-site detection of freshness of pork loin fillets in modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) stored on display counters. Pork loin slices were sealed in MAP trays under two proportions of O 2 /CO 2 /N 2 : High-Ox-MAP (30/40/30) and Low-Ox-MAP (5/20/75). Changes in pH, color, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), and microbiology (total viable counts, Enteriobacteriaceae , and lactic acid bacteria) were monitored over 15 days post-mortem at 4 °C. VIS-NIR spectra were collected from pork fillets before (through the film cover) and after opening the trays (directly on the meat surface) with a portable LABSPEC 5000 NIR system in diffuse reflectance mode (350-2500 nm). Quantitative NIR models by partial least squares regression (PLSR) showed a promising prediction ability for meat color ( L* , a* , C* , and h* ) and microbiological variables (R 2 VAL > 0.72 and RPD VAL > 2). In addition, qualitative models using PLS discriminant analysis obtained good accuracy (over 90%) for classifying pork samples as fresh (acceptable for consumption) or spoiled (not acceptable) based on their microbiological counts. VIS-NIR spectroscopy allows rapid evaluation of product quality and shelf life and could be used for on-site control of pork quality.