Strategies for Bone Regeneration: From Graft to Tissue Engineering.
Giulia BattafaranoMichela RossiViviana De MartinoFrancesco MaramponLuca BorroAurelio SecinaroAndrea Del FattorePublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2021)
Bone is a regenerative organ characterized by self-renewal ability. Indeed, it is a very dynamic tissue subjected to continuous remodeling in order to preserve its structure and function. However, in clinical practice, impaired bone healing can be observed in patients and medical intervention is needed to regenerate the tissue via the use of natural bone grafts or synthetic bone grafts. The main elements required for tissue engineering include cells, growth factors and a scaffold material to support them. Three different materials (metals, ceramics, and polymers) can be used to create a scaffold suitable for bone regeneration. Several cell types have been investigated in combination with biomaterials. In this review, we describe the options available for bone regeneration, focusing on tissue engineering strategies based on the use of different biomaterials combined with cells and growth factors.
Keyphrases
- tissue engineering
- bone regeneration
- induced apoptosis
- cell cycle arrest
- clinical practice
- end stage renal disease
- randomized controlled trial
- healthcare
- newly diagnosed
- chronic kidney disease
- single cell
- signaling pathway
- cell therapy
- stem cells
- cell death
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- prognostic factors
- bone marrow
- oxidative stress
- bone mineral density
- climate change
- heavy metals
- mass spectrometry
- postmenopausal women