In Vitro Effects of Charged and Zwitterionic Liposomes on Human Spermatozoa and Supplementation with Liposomes and Chlorogenic Acid during Sperm Freezing.
Moretti ElenaClaudia BonechiCinzia SignoriniRoberta CorsaroMicheli LuciaLaura LiguoriGabriele CentiniCollodel GiuliaPublished in: Cells (2024)
Semen handling and cryopreservation induce oxidative stress that should be minimized. In this study, human semen was supplemented during cryopreservation with formulations of handmade liposomes and chlorogenic acid (CGA), an antioxidant compound. Zwitterionic (ZL), anionic (AL), and cationic (CL) liposomes were synthesized and characterized. Three aliquots of swim-up-selected sperm were incubated with ZL, AL, and CL (1:10,000), respectively. The percentages of sperm with progressive motility, high mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP; JC-1), double-stranded DNA (dsDNA acridine orange), and acrosome integrity ( Pisum sativum agglutinin) were assessed. Then, human semen was frozen using both 1:10,000 ZL and CGA as follows: freezing medium/empty ZL (EL), freezing medium/empty ZL/CGA in the medium (CGA + EL), freezing medium/CGA loaded ZL (CGA), freezing medium (CTR). The same sperm endpoints were evaluated. ZL were the most tolerated and used for semen cryopreservation protocols. All the supplemented samples showed better endpoints versus CTR ( p < 0.001). In particular, spermatozoa from the CGA and CGA + EL A samples showed increased motility, dsDNA, and acrosome integrity versus CTR and EL ( p < 0.001; motility EL vs. CGA + EL p < 0.05). ZL and CGA can improve post-thaw sperm quality, acting on both cold shock effect management and oxidative stress. These findings open new perspectives on human and animal reproduction.
Keyphrases
- oxidative stress
- endothelial cells
- drug delivery
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- pluripotent stem cells
- dna damage
- biofilm formation
- multiple sclerosis
- escherichia coli
- minimally invasive
- cancer therapy
- anti inflammatory
- staphylococcus aureus
- diabetic rats
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- pseudomonas aeruginosa
- induced apoptosis
- signaling pathway
- human health
- candida albicans