Carbon Nanofibers versus Silver Nanoparticles: Time-Dependent Cytotoxicity, Proliferation, and Gene Expression.
Beatriz SalesaMarcelo AssisJuan AndrésÃngel Serrano-ArocaPublished in: Biomedicines (2021)
Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) are one-dimensional nanomaterials with excellent physical and broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties characterized by a low risk of antimicrobial resistance. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are antimicrobial metallic nanomaterials already used in a broad range of industrial applications. In the present study these two nanomaterials were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, zeta potential, and dynamic light scattering, and their biological properties were compared in terms of cytotoxicity, proliferation, and gene expression in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. The results showed that both AgNPs and CNFs present similar time-dependent cytotoxicity (EC50 of 608.1 µg/mL for CNFs and 581.9 µg/mL for AgNPs at 24 h) and similar proliferative HaCaT cell activity. However, both nanomaterials showed very different results in the expression of thirteen genes (superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), catalase (CAT), matrix metallopeptidase 1 (MMP1), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), fibronectin 1 (FN1), hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2), laminin subunit beta 1 (LAMB1), lumican (LUM), cadherin 1 CDH1, collagen type IV alpha (COL4A1), fibrillin (FBN), and versican (VCAN)) treated with the lowest non-cytotoxic concentrations in the HaCaT cells after 24 h. The AgNPs were capable of up-regulating only two genes (SOD1 and MMP1) while the CNFs were very effective in up-regulating eight genes (FN1, MMP1, CAT, CDH1, COL4A1, FBN, GPX1, and TGFB1) involved in the defense mechanisms against oxidative stress and maintaining and repairing tissues by regulating cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, differentiation, growth, morphogenesis, and tissue development. These results demonstrate CNF nanomaterials' unique great potential in biomedical applications such as tissue engineering and wound healing.
Keyphrases
- silver nanoparticles
- gene expression
- induced apoptosis
- signaling pathway
- transforming growth factor
- tissue engineering
- antimicrobial resistance
- cell adhesion
- oxidative stress
- raman spectroscopy
- genome wide
- wound healing
- cell cycle arrest
- dna methylation
- cell migration
- electron microscopy
- staphylococcus aureus
- endothelial cells
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- bioinformatics analysis
- genome wide identification
- hydrogen peroxide
- poor prognosis
- human health
- dna damage
- single cell
- mental health
- physical activity
- wastewater treatment
- cell death
- genome wide analysis
- bone marrow
- risk assessment
- pi k akt
- binding protein
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- ischemia reperfusion injury
- transcription factor
- anti inflammatory