Hypoxia and interleukin-1-primed mesenchymal stem/stromal cells as novel therapy for stroke.
Maryam Adenike SalaudeenStuart M AllanEmmanuel PinteauxPublished in: Human cell (2023)
Promising preclinical stroke research has not yielded meaningful and significant success in clinical trials. This lack of success has prompted the need for refinement of preclinical studies with the intent to optimize the chances of clinical success. Regenerative medicine, especially using mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), has gained popularity in the last decade for treating many disorders, including central nervous system (CNS), such as stroke. In addition to less stringent ethical constraints, the ample availability of MSCs also makes them an attractive alternative to totipotent and other pluripotent stem cells. The ability of MSCs to differentiate into neurons and other brain parenchymal and immune cells makes them a promising therapy for stroke. However, these cells also have some drawbacks that, if not addressed, will render MSCs unfit for treating ischaemic stroke. In this review, we highlighted the molecular and cellular changes that occur following an ischaemic stroke (IS) incidence and discussed the physiological properties of MSCs suitable for tackling these changes. We also went further to discuss the major drawbacks of utilizing MSCs in IS and how adequate priming using both hypoxia and interleukin-1 can optimize the beneficial properties of MSCs while eliminating these drawbacks.
Keyphrases
- mesenchymal stem cells
- umbilical cord
- atrial fibrillation
- bone marrow
- clinical trial
- cell therapy
- stem cells
- induced apoptosis
- risk factors
- spinal cord
- pluripotent stem cells
- oxidative stress
- cell death
- cell cycle arrest
- cell proliferation
- multiple sclerosis
- signaling pathway
- resting state
- white matter
- brain injury
- study protocol
- open label