Antineoplastic drugs determination by HPLC-HRMS(n) to monitor occupational exposure.
Federica Dal BelloValentina SantoroValentina ScarpinoChiara MartanoRiccardo AigottiAlberta ChiappaEnrico DavoliClaudio MedanaPublished in: Drug testing and analysis (2015)
The purpose of this study was to develop a simple, direct, multiresidue highly specific procedure to evaluate the possible surface contamination of selected antineoplastic drugs in several hospital environment sites by using wipe test sampling. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), carboplatin (C-Pt), cyclophosphamide (CYC), cytarabine (CYT), doxorubicin (DOX), gemcitabine (GEM), ifosfamide (IFO), methotrexate (MET), and mitomycin C (MIT) belong to very different chemical classes but show good ionization properties under electrospray ionization (ESI) conditions (negative ion mode for 5-FU and positive ion mode in all other cases). HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) coupled with HRMS (high resolution mass spectrometry) appears to be the best technique for direct analysis of these analytes, because neither derivatization nor complex extraction procedure for polar compounds in samples is requested prior the analysis. Sample preparation was limited to washing wipes with appropriate solvents. Chromatographic separation was achieved on C18 reversed phase columns. The HPLC-HRMS/MS method was validated in order to obtain robustness, sensitivity and selectivity. LLOQ (lower limit of quantitation) values provided a sensitivity good enough to evidence the presence of the drugs in a very low concentration range (<1 pg/cm(2) ). The method was applied for a study of real wipe tests coming from many areas from a hospital showing some positive samples. The low quantitation limits and the high specificity due to the high resolution approach of the developed method allowed an accurate description of the working environment that can be used to define procedural rules to limit working place contamination to a minimum. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Keyphrases
- high resolution mass spectrometry
- liquid chromatography
- tandem mass spectrometry
- high performance liquid chromatography
- simultaneous determination
- mass spectrometry
- solid phase extraction
- ultra high performance liquid chromatography
- gas chromatography
- molecularly imprinted
- liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
- high resolution
- ms ms
- high dose
- gas chromatography mass spectrometry
- risk assessment
- healthcare
- low dose
- health risk
- drinking water
- minimally invasive
- acute care
- phase ii study
- drug induced
- ionic liquid
- acute myeloid leukemia
- clinical trial
- locally advanced
- emergency department
- randomized controlled trial