Comparative analysis of machine learning algorithms for computer-assisted reporting based on fully automated cross-lingual RadLex mappings.
Máté Elod MarosChang Gyu ChoAndreas G JungeBenedikt KämpgenVictor SaaseFabian SiegelFrederik TrinkmannThomas GanslandtChristoph GrodenHolger WenzPublished in: Scientific reports (2021)
Computer-assisted reporting (CAR) tools were suggested to improve radiology report quality by context-sensitively recommending key imaging biomarkers. However, studies evaluating machine learning (ML) algorithms on cross-lingual ontological (RadLex) mappings for developing embedded CAR algorithms are lacking. Therefore, we compared ML algorithms developed on human expert-annotated features against those developed on fully automated cross-lingual (German to English) RadLex mappings using 206 CT reports of suspected stroke. Target label was whether the Alberta Stroke Programme Early CT Score (ASPECTS) should have been provided (yes/no:154/52). We focused on probabilistic outputs of ML-algorithms including tree-based methods, elastic net, support vector machines (SVMs) and fastText (linear classifier), which were evaluated in the same 5 × fivefold nested cross-validation framework. This allowed for model stacking and classifier rankings. Performance was evaluated using calibration metrics (AUC, brier score, log loss) and -plots. Contextual ML-based assistance recommending ASPECTS was feasible. SVMs showed the highest accuracies both on human-extracted- (87%) and RadLex features (findings:82.5%; impressions:85.4%). FastText achieved the highest accuracy (89.3%) and AUC (92%) on impressions. Boosted trees fitted on findings had the best calibration profile. Our approach provides guidance for choosing ML classifiers for CAR tools in fully automated and language-agnostic fashion using bag-of-RadLex terms on limited expert-labelled training data.
Keyphrases
- machine learning
- artificial intelligence
- big data
- deep learning
- endothelial cells
- atrial fibrillation
- adverse drug
- computed tomography
- image quality
- contrast enhanced
- magnetic resonance imaging
- emergency department
- clinical practice
- case control
- randomized controlled trial
- electronic health record
- high throughput
- autism spectrum disorder
- study protocol
- data analysis
- fluorescence imaging