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Cell-based immunotherapy approaches for colorectal cancer: main achievements and challenges.

Mina ShahnazariPouria SamadiMona PourjafarAkram Jalali
Published in: Future oncology (London, England) (2021)
Immunotherapy is becoming as a major treatment modality for multiple types of solid tumors, including subsets of colorectal cancers (CRCs). The successes with immunotherapy alone has largely been achieved in patients with advanced-stage mismatch-repair-deficient and microsatellite instability-high (dMMR-MSI-H) CRCs. However, the benefits of immunotherapy have not been demonstrated to be effective in patients with proficient mismatch repair (pMMR) CRC, who are microsatellite-stable (MSS) or have low levels of microsatellite instability (MSI-L). Here, we provide a comprehensive review on the immune microenvironment of CRC tumors and describe the rapid pace of scientific changes. We discuss the tremendous promise of cell-based immunotherapy strategies that are under preclinical studies/clinical trials or being used in therapeutic paradigms.
Keyphrases
  • clinical trial
  • cell therapy
  • single cell
  • stem cells
  • randomized controlled trial
  • genetic diversity
  • young adults
  • big data
  • open label
  • deep learning
  • sensitive detection
  • phase ii