Unleashing the Potential of Benincasa hispida Peel Extract: Synthesizing Selenium Nanoparticles with Remarkable Antibacterial and Anticancer Properties.

In this study, we successfully synthesized selenium nanoparticles (P-SeNPs) using an environment-friendly approach. This method involves utilizing the aqueous peel extract of Benincasa hispida (ash gourd) in combination with selenium salt. Through our innovative procedure, we harnessed the impressive bio-reduction capabilities, therapeutic potential, and stabilizing attributes inherent in B. hispida. This results in the formation of P-SeNPs with distinct and noteworthy qualities. Our findings were thoroughly substantiated through comprehensive characterizations employing various techniques, including ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The nanoparticles exhibited a spherical shape, considerable size (22.32 ± 2 nm), uniform distribution, and remarkable stability (-24 mV), all of which signify the effective integration of the phytoconstituents of B. hispida. Furthermore, P-SeNPs displayed robust antibacterial efficacy against pathogenic bacterial strains, as indicated by their low minimum inhibitory concentration values. Our research also revealed the remarkable ability of P-SeNPs to fight cancer, as demonstrated by their impressive IC50 value of 0.19 µg/mL against HeLa cells, while showing no harm to primary human osteoblasts, while simultaneously demonstrating no toxicity toward primary human osteoblasts. These pivotal findings underscore the transformative nature of P-SeNPs, which holds promise for targeted antibacterial treatment and advancements in cancer therapeutics. The implications of these nanoparticles extend to their potential applications in therapies, diagnostics, and various biomedical contexts. Notably, the environmentally sustainable synthesis process and exceptional properties established this study as a significant milestone in the field of nanomedicine, paving the way for a more promising and health-enhancing future.