Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 maintains the immune surveillance function of natural killer cells via the PDK2/mTOR signaling pathway.

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) is mainly expressed on neutrophils and macrophages and has neutrophil chemoattractant activity. However, natural killer (NK) cells also express CXCL1. We were curious about the role played by CXCL1 in NK cells. Knocking out CXCL1 in hematopoietic cells does not affect the occurrence of NK cells; however, it does hinder NK cell maturity. CXCL1 deletion enhances the expression of immature markers and decreases the expression of functional markers in NK cells, which may explain why it hinders the maturation of NK cells. Specific knockout of CXCL1 in NK cells (CXCL1 flox/flox Ncr1-cre) leads to impaired IFN-γ production and degranulation of NK cells. The lack of CXCL1 may prevent IFN-γ production and degranulation of NK cells by inhibiting the phosphorylation of AKT S473 and S6. Therefore, we have discovered a new role for CXCL1 in regulating NK cell development and immune surveillance, providing a novel theoretical basis for immunotherapy based on NK cells and potential therapeutic targets for the clinical use of NK cells. 1. Knockout of CXCL1 in hematopoietic cells inhibits the maturation of NK cells. 2. Knockout of CXCL1 in NK cells inhibits the clearance of lymphoma by NK cells and reduces IFN-γ production and CD107 expression in NK cells. 3. CXCL1 activates the PKD2/mTOR signaling pathway, and promotes the production of IFN-γ and the expression of CD107a in NK cells.