Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic signature of blood plasma in the progression of breast cancer with simultaneous metastasis to lungs.

Despite advanced diagnostic techniques used for detecting cancer, this disease still remains a leading cause of death in the developed world. What is more, the greatest danger for patients is not related with growing of tumor but rather with metastasis of cancer cells to the distant organs. In this study, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to track chemical changes in blood plasma to find spectral markers of metastatic breast cancer during the disease progression. Plasma samples were taken 1-5 weeks after orthotropic inoculation of 4T1 metastatic breast cancer cells to mice. The earliest changes detected by FTIR spectroscopy in plasma were correlated with unsaturation of phospholipids and secondary structures of proteins that appeared 2 and 3 weeks, respectively, after 4T1 cells inoculation (micrometastatic phase). Significant alternations in the content and structure of lipids and carbohydrates were identified in plasma at the later stages (macrometastatic phase). When large primary tumors in breast and macrometastases in lung were developed, all bands in FTIR spectra significantly differed from those at earlier phases of the cancer progression. In conclusion, we showed that each phase of the breast cancer progression and its pulmonary metastasis can be characterized by a specific panel of spectral markers.