An Update on Female Urethral Stricture Disease.

In a large retrospective case series, women reported significant improvements in urinary symptoms and quality of life following treatment of their urethral stricture. Both vaginal flap and buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty have higher short- and long-term success rates than urethral dilation. Female urethral stricture disease is rare and surgical reconstruction has the highest likelihood of long-term success. Due to the complexity of reconstruction, referral to a reconstructive trained urologist should be considered.