Spotlight on New Antibiotics for the Treatment of Pneumonia.
Alessandro RussoPublished in: Clinical medicine insights. Circulatory, respiratory and pulmonary medicine (2020)
In the last years, the presence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative (like Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii) and Gram-positive bacteria (mostly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) was worldwide reported, limiting the options for an effective antibiotic therapy. For these reasons, inappropriate antimicrobial therapy and delayed prescription can lead to an unfavorable outcome, especially in patients with pneumonia. New antibiotics approved belong to classes of antimicrobials, like beta-lactams with or without beta-lactamase inhibitors, aminoglycosides, oxazolidinones, quinolones, and tetracyclines, or based on new mechanisms of action. These new compounds show many advantages, including a broad spectrum of activity against MDR pathogens, good lung penetration, safety and tolerability, and finally the possibility of intravenous and/or oral formulations. However, the new antibiotics under development represent an important possible armamentarium against difficult-to-treat strains. The safety and clinical efficacy of these future drugs should be tested in clinical practice. In this review, there are reported characteristics of newly approved antibiotics that represent potential future options for the treatment of respiratory tract infections, including those caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. Finally, the characteristics of the drugs under development are briefly reported.
Keyphrases
- multidrug resistant
- gram negative
- acinetobacter baumannii
- klebsiella pneumoniae
- drug resistant
- methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus
- pseudomonas aeruginosa
- respiratory tract
- staphylococcus aureus
- clinical practice
- escherichia coli
- cystic fibrosis
- current status
- open label
- high dose
- mesenchymal stem cells
- risk assessment
- cell therapy
- randomized controlled trial
- low dose
- respiratory failure
- acute respiratory distress syndrome
- clinical trial
- community acquired pneumonia
- climate change
- bone marrow
- combination therapy
- stem cells