Foliar Desiccators Glyphosate, Carfentrazone, and Paraquat Affect the Technological and Chemical Properties of Cowpea Grains.
Igor da Silva LindemannGustavo Heinrich LangJessica Fernanda HoffmannCesar Valmor RombaldiMaurício de OliveiraMoacir Cardoso EliasNathan Levien VanierPublished in: Journal of agricultural and food chemistry (2017)
The effects of the use of glyphosate (GLY), glyphosate plus carfentrazone (GLY/CAR), and paraquat (PAR) as plant desiccators on the technological and chemical properties of cowpea grains were investigated. All studied desiccants provided lower cooking time to freshly harvested cowpea. However, the coat color of PAR- and GLY/CAR-treated cowpea was reddish in comparison to the control treatment. Principal component analysis (PCA) from liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) data sets showed a clear distinction among cowpea from the different treatments. Catechin-3-glucoside and epicatechin significantly contributed for discriminating GLY-treated cowpea, while citric acid was responsible for discriminating GLY/CAR-treated cowpea. Quercetin derivative and gluconic acid were responsible for discriminating control treatment. Residual glyphosate and paraquat content was higher than the maximum limits allowed by Codex Alimentarius and the European Union Commission. Improvements in the technological and chemical properties of cowpea may not be overlapped by the risks that those desiccants exhibit when exceeding the maximum limits of tolerance in food.
Keyphrases
- mass spectrometry
- liquid chromatography
- human health
- risk assessment
- high resolution
- capillary electrophoresis
- high resolution mass spectrometry
- climate change
- ms ms
- newly diagnosed
- data analysis
- artificial intelligence
- replacement therapy
- atomic force microscopy
- high performance liquid chromatography
- single molecule
- solid state