The role of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase in normal and pathological pregnancies.
Rui-Qi ChangDa-Jin LiMing-Qing LiPublished in: American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) (2017)
The survival of allogeneic fetus during pregnancy contradicts the laws of immune responses. Behind this paradoxical phenomenon, the mechanism is quite complex. Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is the first and rate-limiting enzyme of tryptophan catabolism. Emerging evidence shows that IDO is expressed at the maternal-fetal interface, including trophoblast cells, decidual stroma cells, decidual immune cells (eg, natural killer cells, T cells, and macrophages), and vascular endothelial cells of decidua and chorion. Moreover, the expression and activity of IDO are different among non-pregnant, normal pregnant, and pathological pregnant conditions. IDO plays important roles in normal pregnancy through immune suppression and regulation of fetal invasion and circulation. However, the abnormal expression and dysfunction of IDO are associated with some pathological pregnancies (including recurrent spontaneous abortion, preeclampsia, preterm labor, and fetal growth restriction).
Keyphrases
- pregnancy outcomes
- preterm birth
- induced apoptosis
- pregnant women
- poor prognosis
- immune response
- cell cycle arrest
- gestational age
- natural killer cells
- oxidative stress
- birth weight
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- early onset
- toll like receptor
- body mass index
- high dose
- cell proliferation
- low dose
- physical activity
- low birth weight
- weight gain