Vitamin B 2 Prevents Glucocorticoid-Caused Damage of Blood Vessels in Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head.

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a disorder that can cause collapse of the femoral head. The damage and dysfunction of femoral head microvascular endothelial cells are related to the pathogenesis of glucocorticoid-induced ONFH. Reports suggest that vitamin B 2 can promote osteoblast differentiation and prevent low bone mineral density and prevent reperfusion oxidative injury. To explore the effect and possible molecular mechanism of vitamin B 2 on the ONFH and Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs), we performed a rat model of ONFH by dexamethasone. The rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group, vitamin B 2 group, dexamethasone group, and dexamethasone combined with vitamin B 2 treatment group. HUVECs were used to further prove the role and mechanism of vitamin B 2 in vitro. In patients, according to immunohistochemical and qRT-PCR of the femoral head, the angiogenic capacity of the ONFH femoral head is compromised. In vivo, it showed that vitamin B 2 could inhibit glucocorticoid-induced ONFH-like changes in rats by suppressing cell apoptosis, promoting the regeneration of blood vessels, and increasing bone mass. According to in vitro results, vitamin B 2 could induce the migration of HUVECs, enhance the expression of angiogenesis-related factors, and inhibit glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis. The underlying mechanism may be that vitamin B 2 activates the PI3K signaling pathway. Vitamin B 2 alleviated dexamethasone-induced ONFH, and vitamin B 2 could promote the proliferation and migration of HUVECs and inhibit their apoptosis by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Vitamin B 2 may be a potentially effective treatment for ONFH.