Integrating Pharmacogenomics Data-Driven Computational Drug Prediction with Single-Cell RNAseq to Demonstrate the Efficacy of a NAMPT Inhibitor against Aggressive, Taxane-Resistant, and Stem-like Cells in Lethal Prostate Cancer.
Suman MazumderTaraswi Mitra GhoshUjjal K MukherjeeSayak ChakravartiFarshad AmiriRazan S WaliaghaFarnaz HemmatiPanagiotis MistriotisSalsabil AhmedIsra ElhussinAhmad-Bin SalamWindy Dean-ColombClayton C YatesRobert D ArnoldAmit Kumar MitraPublished in: Cancers (2022)
Metastatic prostate cancer/PCa is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in US men. Most early-stage PCa are dependent on overexpression of the androgen receptor (AR) and, therefore, androgen deprivation therapies/ADT-sensitive. However, eventual resistance to standard medical castration (AR-inhibitors) and secondary chemotherapies (taxanes) is nearly universal. Further, the presence of cancer stem-like cells (EMT/epithelial-to-mesenchymal transdifferentiation) and neuroendocrine PCa (NEPC) subtypes significantly contribute to aggressive/lethal/advanced variants of PCa (AVPC). In this study, we introduced a pharmacogenomics data-driven optimization-regularization-based computational prediction algorithm ("secDrugs") to predict novel drugs against lethal PCa. Integrating secDrug with single-cell RNA-sequencing/scRNAseq as a 'Double-Hit' drug screening tool, we demonstrated that single-cells representing drug-resistant and stem-cell-like cells showed high expression of the NAMPT pathway genes, indicating potential efficacy of the secDrug FK866 which targets NAMPT. Next, using several cell-based assays, we showed substantial impact of FK866 on clinically advanced PCa as a single agent and in combination with taxanes or AR-inhibitors. Bulk-RNAseq and scRNAseq revealed that, in addition to NAMPT inhibition, FK866 regulates tumor metastasis, cell migration, invasion, DNA repair machinery, redox homeostasis, autophagy, as well as cancer stemness-related genes, HES1 and CD44. Further, we combined a microfluidic chip-based cell migration assay with a traditional cell migration/'scratch' assay and demonstrated that FK866 reduces cancer cell invasion and motility, indicating abrogation of metastasis. Finally, using PCa patient datasets, we showed that FK866 is potentially capable of reversing the expression of several genes associated with biochemical recurrence, including IFITM3 and LTB4R. Thus, using FK866 as a proof-of-concept candidate for drug repurposing, we introduced a novel, universally applicable preclinical drug development pipeline to circumvent subclonal aggressiveness, drug resistance, and stemness in lethal PCa.
Keyphrases
- cell migration
- single cell
- prostate cancer
- high throughput
- stem cells
- papillary thyroid
- drug resistant
- rna seq
- early stage
- dna repair
- squamous cell
- poor prognosis
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- radical prostatectomy
- small cell lung cancer
- signaling pathway
- healthcare
- machine learning
- cell death
- adverse drug
- transcription factor
- squamous cell carcinoma
- oxidative stress
- dna damage
- radiation therapy
- cell therapy
- acinetobacter baumannii
- bone marrow
- risk assessment
- locally advanced
- genome wide
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- copy number
- dna damage response
- childhood cancer
- binding protein
- staphylococcus aureus
- lymph node
- young adults
- case report
- induced apoptosis
- climate change
- cancer stem cells
- rectal cancer