Dynamic Regulation of Tandem 3' Untranslated Regions in Zebrafish Spleen Cells during Immune Response.
Guang-Rui HuangShengfeng HuangRuihua WangXinyu YanYuxin LiYuchao FengShaozhou WangXia YangLiutao ChenJun LiLeiming YouShangwu ChenGuangbin LuoAnlong XuPublished in: Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) (2015)
Alternative polyadenylation (APA) has been found to be involved in tumorigenesis, development, and cell differentiation, as well as in the activation of several subsets of immune cells in vitro. Whether APA takes place in immune responses in vivo is largely unknown. We profiled the variation in tandem 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) in pathogen-challenged zebrafish and identified hundreds of APA genes with ∼ 10% being immune response genes. The detected immune response APA genes were enriched in TLR signaling, apoptosis, and JAK-STAT signaling pathways. A greater number of microRNA target sites and AU-rich elements were found in the extended 3' UTRs than in the common 3' UTRs of these APA genes. Further analysis suggested that microRNA and AU-rich element-mediated posttranscriptional regulation plays an important role in modulating the expression of APA genes. These results indicate that APA is extensively involved in immune responses in vivo, and it may be a potential new paradigm for immune regulation.
Keyphrases
- immune response
- genome wide
- toll like receptor
- dendritic cells
- bioinformatics analysis
- genome wide identification
- signaling pathway
- induced apoptosis
- cell cycle arrest
- oxidative stress
- poor prognosis
- cell death
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- gene expression
- multidrug resistant
- reduced graphene oxide
- gold nanoparticles
- peripheral blood
- nuclear factor
- binding protein
- data analysis
- transcription factor
- long non coding rna