Novel temperature-responsive hydrogel injected to the incision site for postoperative pain relief in laparoscopic abdominal surgery: a single-blind, randomized, pivotal clinical trial.

PF-72 mixed with 0.75% ropivacaine reduced postoperative pain until 72 h in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery. Although the study population was not large enough for safety evaluation, no adverse events associated with PF-72 were observed.