Reflection on leadership behavior: potentials and limits in the implementation of stress-preventive leadership of middle management in hospitals - a qualitative evaluation of a participatory developed intervention.

Some of the organizational barriers can be addressed by mid-level leadership interventions (e.g., lack of peer-exchange) or possibly by adapted leadership interventions for top management (e.g., lack of stress-preventive leadership styles in top level management). Other organizational limits are working conditions (e.g., staff shortage) that can only be influenced by health policy decisions.