The Role of Longevity Assurance Homolog 2/Ceramide Synthase 2 in Bladder Cancer.
Clara Garcia-VallicrosaJuan Manuel Falcon-PerezFelix RoyoPublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2023)
The human CERS2 gene encodes a ceramide synthase enzyme, known as CERS2 (ceramide synthase 2). This protein is also known as LASS2 (LAG1 longevity assurance homolog 2) and TMSG1 (tumor metastasis-suppressor gene 1). Although previously described as a tumor suppressor for different types of cancer, such as prostate or liver cancer, it has also been observed to promote tumor growth in adenocarcinoma. In this review, we focus on the influence of CERS2 in bladder cancer (BC), approaching the existing literature about its structure and activity, as well as the miRNAs regulating its expression. From a mechanistic point of view, different explanations for the role of CERS2 as an antitumor protein have been proposed, including the production of long-chain ceramides, interaction with vacuolar ATPase, and its function as inhibitor of mitochondrial fission. In addition, we reviewed the literature specifically studying the expression of this gene in both BC and biopsy-derived tumor cell lines, complementing this with an analysis of public gene expression data and its association with disease progression. We also discuss the importance of CERS2 as a biomarker and the presence of CERS2 mRNA in extracellular vesicles isolated from urine.
Keyphrases
- gene expression
- binding protein
- poor prognosis
- genome wide
- copy number
- systematic review
- prostate cancer
- genome wide identification
- endothelial cells
- squamous cell carcinoma
- healthcare
- protein protein
- amino acid
- radiation therapy
- papillary thyroid
- locally advanced
- emergency department
- long non coding rna
- big data
- quality control
- deep learning
- transcription factor
- artificial intelligence
- small molecule
- benign prostatic hyperplasia