Infectious complications and long-term outcomes in patients with diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma and diabetes mellitus.

Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a major complication in patients with diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Diabetes mellitus (DM) has deleterious effects on the immune system resulting in an increased risk of infections. We evaluated patients with DLBCL who started frontline treatment with R-CHOP, and compared outcomes according to presence of DM comorbidity. Between 2013 and 2018, 218 patients with DLBCL were included. 46 patients (21%) had DM. Rate of admissions for FN was higher for patients with DM (0.7 vs. 0.46 admissions/patient, p  = .016), also after age and gender-matched subgroup analysis ( p  = .004). Improved glycemic control during FN hospitalizations was associated with shorter hospitalizations. Metformin was associated with improved median overall survival in diabetic patients (89 vs. 64 months, p  = .018). In conclusion, Patients with DLBCL and DM had higher rates of FN hospitalizations. Improved glycemic control during FN hospitalization was associated with shorter length of stay.