The impact of reactive oxygen species in the development of cardiometabolic disorders: a review.
Roland Eghoghosoa AkhigbeAyodeji Folorunsho AjayiPublished in: Lipids in health and disease (2021)
Oxidative stress, an alteration in the balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and antioxidant buffering capacity, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic disorders (CMD). At physiological levels, ROS functions as signalling mediators, regulates various physiological functions such as the growth, proliferation, and migration endothelial cells (EC) and smooth muscle cells (SMC); formation and development of new blood vessels; EC and SMC regulated death; vascular tone; host defence; and genomic stability. However, at excessive levels, it causes a deviation in the redox state, mediates the development of CMD. Multiple mechanisms account for the rise in the production of free radicals in the heart. These include mitochondrial dysfunction and uncoupling, increased fatty acid oxidation, exaggerated activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX), reduced antioxidant capacity, and cardiac metabolic memory. The purpose of this study is to discuss the link between oxidative stress and the aetiopathogenesis of CMD and highlight associated mechanisms. Oxidative stress plays a vital role in the development of obesity and dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance and diabetes, hypertension via various mechanisms associated with ROS-led inflammatory response and endothelial dysfunction.
Keyphrases
- reactive oxygen species
- oxidative stress
- dna damage
- insulin resistance
- inflammatory response
- endothelial cells
- type diabetes
- cell death
- fatty acid
- blood pressure
- ischemia reperfusion injury
- weight loss
- cardiovascular disease
- weight gain
- left ventricular
- adipose tissue
- physical activity
- gene expression
- nitric oxide
- toll like receptor
- induced apoptosis
- high fat diet induced
- atrial fibrillation
- transcription factor
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- signaling pathway