Effects of Catecholamine Stress Hormones Norepinephrine and Epinephrine on Growth, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, Biofilm Formation, and Gene Expressions of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli .
Lingdi NiuMingchun GaoShanshan WenFang WangHaikun ShangguanZhiyuan GuoRunxiang ZhangJunwei GePublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2023)
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a significant contributor to diarrhea. To determine whether ETEC-catecholamine hormone interactions contribute to the development of diarrhea, we tested the effects of catecholamine hormones acting on ETEC in vitro. The results showed that in the presence of norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (Epi), the growth of 9 out of 10 ETEC isolates was promoted, the MICs of more than 60% of the isolates to 6 antibiotics significantly increased, and the biofilm formation ability of 10 ETEC isolates was also promoted. In addition, NE and Epi also significantly upregulated the expression of the virulence genes feaG , estA , estB , and elt . Transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression of 290 genes was affected by NE. These data demonstrated that catecholamine hormones may augment the diarrhea caused by ETEC.
Keyphrases
- biofilm formation
- escherichia coli
- pseudomonas aeruginosa
- staphylococcus aureus
- candida albicans
- genome wide
- poor prognosis
- irritable bowel syndrome
- genome wide identification
- clostridium difficile
- genetic diversity
- cystic fibrosis
- gene expression
- machine learning
- genome wide analysis
- long non coding rna
- copy number
- dna methylation
- electronic health record
- transcription factor
- multidrug resistant