SARM1 deficiency up-regulates XAF1, promotes neuronal apoptosis, and accelerates prion disease.
Caihong ZhuBei LiKarl FrontzekYingjun LiuAdriano AguzziPublished in: The Journal of experimental medicine (2019)
SARM1 (sterile α and HEAT/armadillo motif-containing protein) is a member of the MyD88 (myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88) family, which mediates innate immune responses. Because inactivation of SARM1 prevents various forms of axonal degeneration, we tested whether it might protect against prion-induced neurotoxicity. Instead, we found that SARM1 deficiency exacerbates the progression of prion pathogenesis. This deleterious effect was not due to SARM1-dependent modulation of prion-induced neuroinflammation, since microglial activation, astrogliosis, and brain cytokine profiles were not altered by SARM1 deficiency. Whole-transcriptome analyses indicated that SARM1 deficiency led to strong, selective overexpression of the pro-apoptotic gene XAF1 (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis-associated factor 1). Consequently, the activity of pro-apoptotic caspases and neuronal death were enhanced in prion-infected SARM1 -/- mice. These results point to an unexpected function of SARM1 as a regulator of prion-induced neurodegeneration and suggest that XAF1 might constitute a therapeutic target in prion disease.
Keyphrases
- immune response
- cell death
- high glucose
- diabetic rats
- oxidative stress
- anti inflammatory
- replacement therapy
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- cell cycle arrest
- cerebral ischemia
- lipopolysaccharide induced
- drug induced
- endothelial cells
- genome wide
- toll like receptor
- dendritic cells
- cell proliferation
- bone marrow
- type diabetes
- inflammatory response
- single cell
- adipose tissue
- acute myeloid leukemia
- small molecule
- metabolic syndrome
- rna seq
- signaling pathway
- protein protein
- subarachnoid hemorrhage
- genome wide analysis