Potential Association of Isolated γ-Glutamyltransferase Elevation with Incident Ischemic Heart Disease in Lean Koreans.
Yumin SungYong Jae LeeDong Hyuk JungByoung-Jin ParkPublished in: Journal of personalized medicine (2022)
Isolated elevation of γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), a microsomal membrane-bound protein, is commonly observed in non-obese Koreans without diabetes, and its clinical implications are not well-known. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the longitudinal effect of isolated GGT on the incidence of ischemic heart disease (IHD) risk in a large cohort of lean non-diabetic Koreans. Data were obtained from the Health Risk Assessment Study (HERAS) and Korea Health Insurance Review and Assessment (HIRA) datasets. The participants were divided into four groups according to the GGT quartile after the exclusion of those participants with diabetes, a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m 2 , alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≥ 40 IU/L, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/ALT > 1.5, as well as those positive for hepatitis B surface antigen or hepatitis C antibody. We prospectively assessed the hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for IHD using multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models over a 50-month period. During the follow-up period, 183 individuals (1.85%) developed IHD. After setting the lowest GGT quartile as a reference group, the HRs of IHD for GGT quartiles 2-4 were 1.66 (95% CI 0.95-2.89), 1.82 (95% CI 1.05-3.16), and 1.98 (95% CI 1.12-3.50), respectively, after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, mean arterial blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and dyslipidemia. An isolated high GGT may be an additional measure for assessing and managing future IHD risks among lean Koreans without diabetes.
Keyphrases
- body mass index
- type diabetes
- health insurance
- physical activity
- cardiovascular disease
- alcohol consumption
- blood pressure
- glycemic control
- health risk assessment
- blood glucose
- weight gain
- bone mineral density
- metabolic syndrome
- risk factors
- insulin resistance
- affordable care act
- drinking water
- postmenopausal women
- weight loss
- big data
- hypertensive patients
- electronic health record
- small molecule
- obese patients
- cross sectional
- deep learning
- depressive symptoms
- amino acid
- artificial intelligence
- sleep quality