Inclusiveness and ethical considerations for observational, translational, and clinical cancer health disparity research.

The authors proposed that ethical concerns should vary according to the study design. Because observational designs have strengths in inclusiveness for race/ethnicity, their clinical usefulness can be improved by extending the Learning Health System in hospital catchment populations, the use of health records linked to biospecimens, and minority oversampling. Likewise, minority enrollment into clinical trials can be improved through Learning Health System linking and by using National Cancer Institute-mandated Community Outreach and Engagement Cores. This will allow precision medicine for otherwise overlooked minority subgroups.