Development pattern of tracheal cartilage in human embryos.
Marc Matthijs FockensBernadette S de BakkerRoelof-Jan OostraFrederik G DikkersPublished in: Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.) (2020)
In human embryos, tracheal rings arise from growth centers in the ventral mesenchyme at approximately 51-54 days of embryological development. The observation of proximal and distal growth centers suggests a centripetal growth gradient, potentially contributing to occurrence of complete tracheal ring deformity (CTRD). Although this study shows new insights on tracheal cartilage development, the exact origin of congenital tracheal defects has yet to be elucidated.