Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Testicular Germ Cell Tumors Following In Utero Exposure to Diethylstilbestrol.

Results of this comprehensive meta-analysis accord with a threefold increase in testicular cancer risk among men who were exposed in utero to DES, implicating early hormonal exposures in etiology of testicular cancer. Because use of DES ceased in 1971, this work may provide the most comprehensive estimate of this association that will be made.