Development of Machine Learning Model for VO 2max Estimation Using a Patch-Type Single-Lead ECG Monitoring Device in Lung Resection Candidates.

A cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) is essential for lung resection. However, performing a CPET can be challenging. This study aimed to develop a machine learning model to estimate maximal oxygen consumption (VO 2max ) using data collected through a patch-type single-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring device in candidates for lung resection. This prospective, single-center study included 42 patients who underwent a CPET at a tertiary teaching hospital from October 2021 to July 2022. During the CPET, a single-lead ECG monitoring device was applied to all patients, and the results obtained from the machine-learning algorithm using the information extracted from the ECG patch were compared with the CPET results. According to the Bland-Altman plot of measured and estimated VO 2max , the VO 2max values obtained from the machine learning model and the FRIEND equation showed lower differences from the reference value (bias: -0.33 mL·kg -1 ·min -1 , bias: 0.30 mL·kg -1 ·min -1 , respectively). In subgroup analysis, the developed model demonstrated greater consistency when applied to different maximal stage levels and sexes. In conclusion, our model provides a closer estimation of VO 2max values measured using a CPET than existing equations. This model may be a promising tool for estimating VO 2max and assessing cardiopulmonary reserve in lung resection candidates when a CPET is not feasible.