The Importance of the Diaphragm in Neuromotor Function in the Patient with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
Bruno BordoniAllan R EscherElena CompalatiLuca MapelliAnastasia ToccafondiPublished in: International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2023)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a constant and chronic narrowing of the respiratory airways, with numerous associated symptoms, not always related to the pathological adaptation of the lungs. Statistical projections show that COPD could become the third leading cause of death globally by 2030, with a significant increase in deaths by 2060. Skeletal muscle dysfunction, including the diaphragm, is one of the causes linked to the increase in mortality and hospitalization. Little emphasis is given by the scientific literature to the importance of the diaphragm towards functional neuromotor pathological expressions. The article reviews the adaptation of the skeletal muscles, with greater attention to the adaptations of the diaphragm, thereby highlighting the non-physiological variations that the main respiratory muscle undergoes and the neuromotor impairment found in COPD. The text could be an important reflection from a clinical and rehabilitation point of view, to direct greater attention to the function and adaptation of the diaphragm muscle.
Keyphrases
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- mechanical ventilation
- skeletal muscle
- lung function
- acute respiratory distress syndrome
- intensive care unit
- cystic fibrosis
- working memory
- systematic review
- insulin resistance
- type diabetes
- randomized controlled trial
- adipose tissue
- case report
- cardiovascular events
- smoking cessation
- air pollution
- coronary artery disease
- extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
- depressive symptoms
- respiratory tract
- drug induced
- high intensity