A scoping review of tissue interposition flaps used in vesicovaginal fistulae repair.

The use of TIFs in VVF repair was common especially in complex and large fistulae. Autologous TIFs appear to be the standard of care at the moment, and synthetic TIFs were investigated in prospective clinical trials in a limited number of selected cases. Evidence levels of clinical studies evaluating the effectiveness of interposition flaps were overall low.