[Primary and secondary negative disorders in schizophrenia as an actual problem of modern clinical psychiatry].

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia represent, at the present stage of their study, a certain group of mental pathology. They include motivation disorders or volitional disorders (anhedonia, abulia, asociality) and disorders of reduced expression or emotional disorders (alogia/poverty of speech and emotional decline/flattening). Negative symptoms are key disorders in schizophrenia, often appear at the pre-manifest stage of the disease, and significantly affect the prognosis and response to therapy. From a scientific and practical point of view, it is important to distinguish between primary and secondary negative symptoms, where the primary symptoms are nuclear, inherent in schizophrenia, and the secondary ones are the result of the influence of positive symptoms (delusions, hallucinations), depression, side-effects of medications, social isolation and hospitalism. Changes in the concept of primary and secondary negative disorders as well as a pathophysiological basis of negative symptoms are considered.