Energy Drinks and Their Acute Effects on Arterial Stiffness in Healthy Children and Teenagers: A Randomized Trial.
Pengzhu LiGuido MandilarasAndré JakobRobert Dalla-PozzaNikolaus Alexander HaasFelix Sebastian OberhofferPublished in: Journal of clinical medicine (2022)
Adolescents are the main consumer group of energy drinks (ED). Studies suggest that acute ED consumption is associated with increased peripheral blood pressure. Little is known of the ED-induced effects on arterial stiffness. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the acute effects of ED consumption on arterial stiffness in healthy children and teenagers by conducting a prospective, randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial. Study participants ( n = 27, mean age = 14.53 years) consumed a body-weight-adjusted amount of an ED or a placebo on two consecutive days. Arterial stiffness was evaluated sonographically by two-dimensional speckle tracking of the common carotid artery (CCA) at baseline and up to four hours after beverage consumption. The ED intake led to a significantly decreased peak circumferential strain of the CCA (11.78 ± 2.70% vs. 12.29 ± 2.68%, p = 0.043) compared with the placebo. The results of this study indicate that the acute ED consumption might be associated with increased arterial stiffness in healthy children and teenagers. Minors, particularly those with increased cardiovascular morbidity, should be discouraged from ED consumption.
Keyphrases
- emergency department
- blood pressure
- liver failure
- young adults
- clinical trial
- respiratory failure
- drug induced
- body weight
- double blind
- aortic dissection
- squamous cell carcinoma
- physical activity
- randomized controlled trial
- hepatitis b virus
- open label
- study protocol
- heart rate
- oxidative stress
- skeletal muscle
- body mass index
- metabolic syndrome
- endothelial cells
- insulin resistance
- social media
- phase ii
- acute respiratory distress syndrome
- case control