Non-Vaccination Stage Model (NVST): The decision-making process among Israeli ultra-orthodox Jewish parents.

Although vaccination uptake is high in most countries, pockets of suboptimal coverage remain, such as those observed among ultra-orthodox Jews in Israel and elsewhere, posing a threat to both individual and public immunity. Drawing on the Precaution Adoption Process Model (PAPM), this study proposes a Non-Vaccination Stage Model (NVSM) to analyze the decision-making process among Non-Vaccinating Parents (NVPs), focusing on the ultra-orthodox Jewish population of Israel. In-depth interviews were conducted with 10 Israeli ultra-orthodox Jewish NVPs (mothers). The interviews revealed five stages in the participants' decision-making process: Being good mothers who vaccinate their children; Emergence of doubts regarding the risks of vaccination; Personal vaccination policy-hesitancy concerning vaccination; Decision not to vaccinate; Confirmation signs of what participants perceive as a wise decision. NVSM can help understand parents who consider non-vaccination to be healthier behavior and explore the various stages of their decision-making process. Differentiating among the various stages of NVPs' decision-making processes enables application of different intervention approaches by policymakers and healthcare practitioners.