Th-17 response and antimicrobial peptide expression are uniformly expressed in gastric mucosa of Helicobacter pylori-infected patients independently of their clinical outcomes.

This study showed that CXCL-8, IL-17A, and AMPs are not differently expressed according to the various H. pylori -related diseases. The clinical outcome determinism of H. pylori infection is most likely not driven by gastric inflammation but rather tends to mainly influenced by bacterial virulence factors.