Humanized mouse model for vaccine evaluation: an overview.
Shivani KaushikLata KumariRakesh Kumar DeepakPublished in: Clinical and experimental vaccine research (2024)
Animal models are essential in medical research for testing drugs and vaccines. These models differ from humans in various respects, so their results are not directly translatable in humans. To address this issue, humanized mice engrafted with functional human cells or tissue can be helpful. We propose using humanized mice that support the engraftment of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) without irradiation to evaluate vaccines that influence patient immunity. For infectious diseases, several types of antigens and adjuvants have been developed and evaluated for vaccination. Peptide vaccines are generally used for their capability to fight cancer and infectious diseases. Evaluation of adjuvants is necessary as they induce inflammation, which is effective for an enhanced immune response but causes adverse effects in some individuals. A trial can be done on humanized mice to check the immunogenicity of a particular adjuvant and peptide combination. Messenger RNA has also emerged as a potential vaccine against viruses. These vaccines need to be tested with human immune cells because they work by producing a particular peptide of the pathogen. Humanized mice with human HSCs that can produce both myeloid and lymphoid cells show a similar immune response that these vaccines will produce in a patient.
Keyphrases
- infectious diseases
- immune response
- endothelial cells
- stem cells
- high fat diet induced
- monoclonal antibody
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- mouse model
- dendritic cells
- pluripotent stem cells
- case report
- bone marrow
- induced apoptosis
- healthcare
- early stage
- wild type
- cell proliferation
- adipose tissue
- study protocol
- papillary thyroid
- signaling pathway
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- skeletal muscle
- phase ii
- nucleic acid
- lymph node metastasis