Current Lack of Evidence on Treatment Strategies and Clinical Outcomes for Osteochondral Lesions of the Subtalar, Talonavicular, and Calcaneocuboid Joints: A Systematic Review.

The current systematic review revealed that there is no available evidence to ascertain clinical outcomes of both conservative and surgical treatments for cartilage lesions in the talonavicular joint, subtalar joint, and the midfoot joints, owing to the extreme paucity of literature. Both nonoperative and operative treatments can be considered, but no treatment strategies have been established.