Characterization and monitoring of deltamethrin-resistance in Anopheles culicifacies in the presence of a long-lasting insecticide-treated net intervention.

This field study, in a tribal district of India, after distribution of deltamethrin-impregnated LLINs showed decrease in deltamethrin susceptibility in An. culicifacies, a major vector of malaria in this study area and in India. Results indicated development of resistance as imminent with the increase in insecticide selection pressure. There is an urgent need to develop new vector control tools, with insecticide classes having novel mechanisms of resistance, to avoid or delay the onset of resistance. Regular insecticide resistance monitoring and mechanistic studies should be the priority for the malaria control programmes to suggest strategies for insecticide resistance management. The global commitment to eliminate malaria by 2030 needs various efforts that include development of combination vector control products and interventions and few are becoming available.