µ-opioid receptor, β-endorphin, and cannabinoid receptor-2 are increased in the colonic mucosa of irritable bowel syndrome patients.

Giovanni DothelLin ChangWendy ShihMaria Raffaella BarbaroCesare Cremon Vincenzo StanghelliniFabrizio De PontiEmeran A MayerGiovanni Barbara Catia Sternini

Published in: Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society (2019)

The increased expression of MOR, β-END, and CB2 in the mucosa of IBS patients, where they are localized to immune cells, suggests that opioid and cannabinoid systems play an immune-related compensatory role in visceral pain in IBS patients. Further work is necessary to support this hypothesis.

Keyphrases

end stage renal disease
newly diagnosed
ejection fraction

chronic kidney disease
chronic pain
irritable bowel syndrome

metabolic syndrome
poor prognosis
spinal cord injury

adipose tissue
skeletal muscle