Dual domestications and origin of traits in grapevine evolution.
Yang DongShengchang DuanQiuju XiaZhengchang LiangXiao DongKristine MargaryanMirza MusayevSvitlana GoryslavetsGoran ZdunićPierre-François BertThierry LacombeErika MaulPeter NickKakha BitskinashviliGyörgy Dénes BisztrayElyashiv DroriGabriella De LorenzisJorge P CunhaCarmen Florentina PopescuRosa Arroyo-GarciaClaire ArnoldAli ErgülYi-Fan ZhuChao MaShufen WangSiqi LiuLiu TangChunping WangDawei LiYunbing PanJingxian LiLing YangXuzhen LiGuisheng XiangZijiang YangBaozheng ChenZhanwu DaiYi WangArsen ArakelyanVaris KuliyevGennady SpotarNabil GirolletSerge DelrotNathalie OllatPatrice ThisCécile MarchalGautier SarahValérie LaucouRoberto BacilieriFranco RöckelPingyin GuanAndreas JungMichael RiemannLevan UjmajuridzeTekle ZakalashviliDavid MaghradzeMária HöhnGizella Gyorffyne JahnkeErzsébet KissTamás DeákOshrit RahimiSariel HübnerFabrizio GrassiFrancesco MercatiFrancesco SunseriJosé Eduardo Eiras-DiasAnamaria Mirabela DumitruDavid CarrascoAlberto Rodriguez-IzquierdoGregorio MuñozTamer UysalCengiz ÖzerKemal KazanMeilong XuYunyue WangShusheng ZhuShiren SongMaoxiang ZhaoLei WangSongtao JiuYing ZhangLei SunHuanming YangEhud WeissShiping WangYouyong ZhuShaohua LiJun ShengWei ChenPublished in: Science (New York, N.Y.) (2023)
We elucidate grapevine evolution and domestication histories with 3525 cultivated and wild accessions worldwide. In the Pleistocene, harsh climate drove the separation of wild grape ecotypes caused by continuous habitat fragmentation. Then, domestication occurred concurrently about 11,000 years ago in Western Asia and the Caucasus to yield table and wine grapevines. The Western Asia domesticates dispersed into Europe with early farmers, introgressed with ancient wild western ecotypes, and subsequently diversified along human migration trails into muscat and unique western wine grape ancestries by the late Neolithic. Analyses of domestication traits also reveal new insights into selection for berry palatability, hermaphroditism, muscat flavor, and berry skin color. These data demonstrate the role of the grapevines in the early inception of agriculture across Eurasia.