The Story of Ferumoxytol: Synthesis Production, Current Clinical Applications and Therapeutic Potential.

Ferumoxytol, approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2009, is one of intravenous iron oxide nanoparticle authorized for the treatment of iron deficiency in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). With its exceptional magnetic properties, catalytic activity, and immune activity, as well as good biocompatibility and safety, ferumoxytol has gained significant recognition in various biomedical diagnoses and treatments. Unlike most existing reviews on this topic, this review primarily focuses on the recent clinical and preclinical advances of ferumoxytol in disease treatment, spanning anemia, cancer, infectious inflammatory diseases, regenerative medicine application, magnetic stimulation for neural modulation, etc. Additionally, the newly discovered mechanisms associated with the biological effects of ferumoxytol are discussed, including its magnetic, catalytic, and immunomodulatory properties. Finally, the summary and future prospects concerning the treatment and application of ferumoxytol-based nanotherapeutics are presented. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.