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In vitro effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on the expression of genes related to sperm motility and energy metabolism and intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes in obstructive azoospermic patients.

Samaneh AghajanpourElham HosseiniFatemeh Sadat AmjadiMasoud MohammadianZahra ZandiehFarnaz MohammadianRaheleh KafaeinezhadMahnaz Ashrafi
Published in: Molecular biology reports (2024)
GM-CSF increased the expression of genes related to motility and the energy metabolism pathway and effectively promoted the motility of testis-extracted spermatozoa, consequently yielding positive clinical outcomes.
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