Development of Localized Pulmonary Interstitial Emphysema in a Late Preterm Infant without Mechanical Ventilation.
Pritish BawaKultida SoontarapornchaiAgnes PerenyiRachelle GoldfisherJohn AmodioPublished in: Case reports in pediatrics (2014)
Pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE) is not an uncommon finding in premature infants with respiratory distress who need respiratory support by mechanical ventilation. PIE has been reported in a few cases of neonates in whom either no treatment other than room air was given or they were given continuous positive end-expiratory pressure (CPAP) support. We present a case of a premature neonate who presented with respiratory distress, in whom PIE and spontaneous pneumothorax (PTX) developed while on CPAP therapy only. The patient was treated conservatively with subsequent resolution of the radiological findings and clinical improvement. No surgical intervention was required. It is important to know that PIE may develop independently of mechanical ventilation. We would like to add this case to the literature and describe the pertinent plain film and computed tomography (CT) findings of this entity, the possible mechanism of development, and the differential diagnosis. A review of the literature is also provided.
Keyphrases
- mechanical ventilation
- acute respiratory distress syndrome
- computed tomography
- intensive care unit
- obstructive sleep apnea
- pulmonary hypertension
- respiratory failure
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- positron emission tomography
- randomized controlled trial
- low birth weight
- lung function
- positive airway pressure
- dual energy
- systematic review
- extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
- respiratory tract
- magnetic resonance imaging
- sleep apnea
- idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
- image quality
- contrast enhanced
- preterm birth
- pulmonary fibrosis
- magnetic resonance
- cystic fibrosis
- single molecule
- smoking cessation
- cell therapy